The aim of this study was to undertake a systematic review and meta – analysis to examine whether gender modifies the intervention effect of trauma-focused psychological interventions for PTSD. After conducting a systematic review of the literature, 56 studies provided data for the meta-analysis: 31 mixed gender, 19 female and six males only. The findings show that trauma-focused interventions were effective in reducing PTSD symptoms in both males and females.  There was some evidence that gender modified the effect of intervention, with females experiencing greater reductions in PTSD symptoms compared with males. This finding was confirmed in a direct effects meta-analysis of studies that provided data on both females and males.  The significant heterogeneity observed in these analyses, and the potential impact of not including some studies because of a lack of available gender-specific data, as well as variability in the reported quality of included studies, suggest the need for caution in interpreting the results of this review.